Integrated Assessment of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Ghana—Part 2: Natural Sciences Review
Identifieur interne : 000084 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000083; suivant : 000085Integrated Assessment of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Ghana—Part 2: Natural Sciences Review
Auteurs : Mozhgon Rajaee ; Samuel Obiri ; Allyson Green ; Rachel Long ; Samuel J. Cobbina ; Vincent Nartey ; David Buck ; Edward Antwi ; Niladri Basu [Canada]Source :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [ 1661-7827 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
This paper is one of three synthesis documents produced via an integrated assessment (IA) that aims to increase understanding of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Ghana. Given the complexities surrounding ASGM, an integrated assessment (IA) framework was utilized to analyze socio-economic, health, and environmental data, and co-develop evidence-based responses with stakeholders. This paper focuses on the causes, status, trends, and consequences of ecological issues related to ASGM activity in Ghana. It reviews dozens of studies and thousands of samples to document evidence of heavy metals contamination in ecological media across Ghana. Soil and water mercury concentrations were generally lower than guideline values, but sediment mercury concentrations surpassed guideline values in 64% of samples. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead exceeded guideline values in 67%, 17%, and 24% of water samples, respectively. Other water quality parameters near ASGM sites show impairment, with some samples exceeding guidelines for acidity, turbidity, and nitrates. Additional ASGM-related stressors on environmental quality and ecosystem services include deforestation, land degradation, biodiversity loss, legacy contamination, and potential linkages to climate change. Though more research is needed to further elucidate the long-term impacts of ASGM on the environment, the plausible consequences of ecological damages should guide policies and actions to address the unique challenges posed by ASGM.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120808971
PubMed: 26264012
PubMed Central: 4555259
Affiliations:
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E-Mails:<email>mrajae@umich.edu</email> (M.R.);<email>green.allyson@gmail.com</email> (A.G.);<email>rachlong@umich.edu</email> (R.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obiri, Samuel" sort="Obiri, Samuel" uniqKey="Obiri S" first="Samuel" last="Obiri">Samuel Obiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijerph-12-08971">Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana; E-Mail:<email>obirisamuel@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Green, Allyson" sort="Green, Allyson" uniqKey="Green A" first="Allyson" last="Green">Allyson Green</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-12-08971">Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; E-Mails:<email>mrajae@umich.edu</email> (M.R.);<email>green.allyson@gmail.com</email> (A.G.);<email>rachlong@umich.edu</email> (R.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Long, Rachel" sort="Long, Rachel" uniqKey="Long R" first="Rachel" last="Long">Rachel Long</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-12-08971">Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; E-Mails:<email>mrajae@umich.edu</email> (M.R.);<email>green.allyson@gmail.com</email> (A.G.);<email>rachlong@umich.edu</email> (R.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cobbina, Samuel J" sort="Cobbina, Samuel J" uniqKey="Cobbina S" first="Samuel J." last="Cobbina">Samuel J. Cobbina</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ijerph-12-08971">Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University for Development Studies, Nyankpala, Ghana; E-Mail:<email>cobbinasamuel@yahoo.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nartey, Vincent" sort="Nartey, Vincent" uniqKey="Nartey V" first="Vincent" last="Nartey">Vincent Nartey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijerph-12-08971">Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; E-Mail:<email>vknartey@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buck, David" sort="Buck, David" uniqKey="Buck D" first="David" last="Buck">David Buck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5-ijerph-12-08971">Biodiversity Research Institute, Portland, ME 04103, USA; E-Mail:<email>david.buck@briloon.org</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antwi, Edward" sort="Antwi, Edward" uniqKey="Antwi E" first="Edward" last="Antwi">Edward Antwi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6-ijerph-12-08971">Centre for Energy, Environment & Sustainable Development, Kumasi, Ghana; E-Mail:<email>oldsojagh@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Basu, Niladri" sort="Basu, Niladri" uniqKey="Basu N" first="Niladri" last="Basu">Niladri Basu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-12-08971">Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; E-Mails:<email>mrajae@umich.edu</email> (M.R.);<email>green.allyson@gmail.com</email> (A.G.);<email>rachlong@umich.edu</email> (R.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af7-ijerph-12-08971">Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement><region type="state">Québec</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</title><idno type="ISSN">1661-7827</idno><idno type="eISSN">1660-4601</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>This paper is one of three synthesis documents produced via an integrated assessment (IA) that aims to increase understanding of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Ghana. Given the complexities surrounding ASGM, an integrated assessment (IA) framework was utilized to analyze socio-economic, health, and environmental data, and co-develop evidence-based responses with stakeholders. This paper focuses on the causes, status, trends, and consequences of ecological issues related to ASGM activity in Ghana. It reviews dozens of studies and thousands of samples to document evidence of heavy metals contamination in ecological media across Ghana. Soil and water mercury concentrations were generally lower than guideline values, but sediment mercury concentrations surpassed guideline values in 64% of samples. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead exceeded guideline values in 67%, 17%, and 24% of water samples, respectively. Other water quality parameters near ASGM sites show impairment, with some samples exceeding guidelines for acidity, turbidity, and nitrates. Additional ASGM-related stressors on environmental quality and ecosystem services include deforestation, land degradation, biodiversity loss, legacy contamination, and potential linkages to climate change. Though more research is needed to further elucidate the long-term impacts of ASGM on the environment, the plausible consequences of ecological damages should guide policies and actions to address the unique challenges posed by ASGM.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spiegel, S J" uniqKey="Spiegel S">S.J. Spiegel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Viega, M M" uniqKey="Viega M">M.M. Viega</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hilson, G M" uniqKey="Hilson G">G.M. Hilson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tetteh, K" uniqKey="Tetteh K">K. 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Hayford</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amin, A" uniqKey="Amin A">A. Amin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osae, E K" uniqKey="Osae E">E.K. Osae</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kutu, J" uniqKey="Kutu J">J. Kutu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Basu, A" uniqKey="Basu A">A. Basu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phipps, S" uniqKey="Phipps S">S. Phipps</name></author><author><name sortKey="Long, R" uniqKey="Long R">R. Long</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basu, N" uniqKey="Basu N">N. Basu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li></country><region><li>Québec</li></region><settlement><li>Montréal</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université McGill</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Antwi, Edward" sort="Antwi, Edward" uniqKey="Antwi E" first="Edward" last="Antwi">Edward Antwi</name><name sortKey="Buck, David" sort="Buck, David" uniqKey="Buck D" first="David" last="Buck">David Buck</name><name sortKey="Cobbina, Samuel J" sort="Cobbina, Samuel J" uniqKey="Cobbina S" first="Samuel J." last="Cobbina">Samuel J. Cobbina</name><name sortKey="Green, Allyson" sort="Green, Allyson" uniqKey="Green A" first="Allyson" last="Green">Allyson Green</name><name sortKey="Long, Rachel" sort="Long, Rachel" uniqKey="Long R" first="Rachel" last="Long">Rachel Long</name><name sortKey="Nartey, Vincent" sort="Nartey, Vincent" uniqKey="Nartey V" first="Vincent" last="Nartey">Vincent Nartey</name><name sortKey="Obiri, Samuel" sort="Obiri, Samuel" uniqKey="Obiri S" first="Samuel" last="Obiri">Samuel Obiri</name><name sortKey="Rajaee, Mozhgon" sort="Rajaee, Mozhgon" uniqKey="Rajaee M" first="Mozhgon" last="Rajaee">Mozhgon Rajaee</name></noCountry><country name="Canada"><region name="Québec"><name sortKey="Basu, Niladri" sort="Basu, Niladri" uniqKey="Basu N" first="Niladri" last="Basu">Niladri Basu</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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